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Proposes layer-wise deep supervision for LLMs, adding auxiliary prediction heads and losses to improve training efficiency, hierarchical learning, and reasoning capabilities.

This report investigates AfriForum's claim of 142 race-related laws in South Africa, analyzing each law's racial implications and categorizing them as apartheid-era holdovers or post-1994 remedial measures.

A detailed strategy for HubSpot to move up-market and compete with Salesforce, focusing on messaging, paid and organic search, social media, content, and conversion optimization.

A comprehensive 20-week training plan designed to help runners achieve a 2:30 half marathon finish, including structured workouts, rest days, and additional tips.

The geometric Langlands conjecture categorifies the classical Langlands correspondence by replacing functions and representations with sheaves and categories, offering insights into the function-field case.

The report discusses the ongoing debate on COVID-19 origins, covering natural spillover and laboratory leak hypotheses, supported by recent studies and intelligence assessments.

This report explores the theoretical likelihood of discovering highly efficient thermoelectric materials by analyzing physical constraints, computational screening, and probabilistic arguments. It highlights the role of band structure engineering, phonon transport optimization, and data-driven discovery methods.

The report explores profitable automation solutions for SMBs using Make.com, covering lead generation, appointment scheduling, invoicing, customer support, marketing, onboarding, and order fulfillment.

This report explores Nigeria's economic struggles despite its oil wealth, analyzing historical, cultural, and systemic factors, with a focus on corruption and governance. It compares Nigeria with Saudi Arabia and Norway to highlight governance and institutional differences.

This report analyzes the power structures influencing U.S. governance, examining elected officials, corporations, intelligence agencies, the military-industrial complex, financial elites, and lobbying groups to synthesize evidence-based conclusions on real power dynamics.